El sitio web se llama “Uncyclopedia.com” es una forma satírica de Wikipedia; por lo tanto, como Wikipedia puede buscar todos los tipos de cosas aleatorias y leer artículos dedicados a esos temas. Si usted busca hasta Perú, encontrará que en la sección de dinero hay cosas como esta:
“La moneda es el nuevo sol, inventado en la primera presidencia de García. Eso sería mil millones de soles antiguos, la moneda cuando García llegó a la escena. No darle todas las ideas, pero este término, está celebrando bastante estable en alrededor de 3 por dólar. Sin embargo, ningún peruano nunca confía en esta última, y aparatos, cualquier cosa que requieren de tiempo de pagos, y algunos salarios, se expresan en dólares… Para intercambiar dólares, simplemente vaya al centro de San Isidro y busque un hombre sosteniendo una calculadora. (Un funcionario del gobierno anterior negó que Perú se encontraba en recesión; vio proveedores de calculadora en cada esquina)”.
Aunque sátira, evidentemente, no es sinónimo de hecho, para una cosa ser gracioso tiene que haber una verdad subyacente detrás de ella. Por lo tanto, la situación económica del Perú no puede en absoluto describirse como estable, como el artículo de Uncyclopedia alude a.
Hay un refrán que dice que el dinero puede comprar milagros, y mientras que esto podría ser una exageración creo que es cierto que el dinero abre las puertas para el progreso. Sin dinero, las personas no pueden permitirse comprar cosas, que a su vez detiene la economía. También, sin ser capaz de recaudar impuestos sobre estos articulas no vendidos, el gobierno no tiene dinero para instalar programas para ayudar a aquellos que necesitan apoyo financiero en primer lugar. Por lo tanto podría argumentarse que esta inestabilidad económica es uno de los principales factores con otros problemas nacionales en el Perú. De hecho, una de las cosas más graciosa que he visto desde el sitio web acerca del Perú fue esta imagen, con el título “Lima es centro del Perú de gobierno, el comercio y la enseñanza superior--tres de los cuales con frecuencia implican espera durante media hora sin saber porqué.”
Como hemos hablado en clase, sin embargo, el supuesto depende que el gobierno en gran medida los impuestos para financiar a sí mismo no se aplica a los millones de peruanos que ocupan puestos de trabajo informales. Nunca he tomado un micro sin ser solicitado por dinero por vendedores ambulantes, o caminé más de tres bloques sin ejecutar en un stand de concesión. Como ya comentamos anteriormente, existe una comúnmente celebrado creencia aquí que el gobierno debe tener poca reglamentación en la economía; peruanos valoran la creatividad y creo que, no regulado por un poder superior, esto permite que un “hombre que se hace a sí mismo.” Y usted puede ver esta creatividad en todos lugares. Personas legítimamente intentan venderle cualquiera cosa; he visto vendedores de perchas, fórmula de bebé y lo que pueden obtener con sus manos.
Sin embargo, creo que esta creencia de que el gobierno debe tener poco que decir de las maneras de cosas va mucho más profunda de la economía. Con toda la corrupción y la violencia en que el país ha enfrentado a lo largo de los siglos, especialmente bajo el reinado de Fujimori, creo que es difícil para cualquier persona a confiar en su gobierno con nada. Incluso en los Estados Unidos, posiblemente el país más poderoso y estable en el mundo, hay muchos que creen que su gobierno está cometiendo actos clandestinos que son corruptos, y hay poca confianza en el gobierno. Sinceramente, creo que si los peruanos no estaban obligados a votar por la ley, tengo serias dudas que muchos de ellos votarán en absoluto. Como Uncyclopedia dice satíricamente, “presidentes peruanos no sólo han manipulado la constitución, han pedido fuera, se resbaló un roofie y lo violaron.”
El sitio web con estas citas está aquí: http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Peru
The website “Uncyclopedia.com” is a satiric form of Wikipedia; therefore, just like Wikipedia you can look up all types of random things and read articles dedicated to those topics. If you look up Peru, you find that under the money section it claims things like this:
“The currency is the nuevo sol (new sun), invented in García's first presidency. That would be 1 billion old suns, the currency when García came onto the scene. Not to give him any ideas, but this term, it's holding pretty steady at about 3 to the dollar. However, no Peruvian ever trusts this to last, and appliances, anything requiring time payments, and some salaries, are expressed in dollars… To exchange dollars, just go to downtown San Isidro and look for a man holding up a calculator. (A previous government official denied that Perú was in recession; he saw calculator vendors on every corner.)”
Although satire is obviously not synonymous with fact, in order for something to be funny there needs to be an underlying truth behind it. Thus, Peru’s economic situation can in no way be described as stable, as the Uncyclopedia article alludes to.
There is a saying that money can buy miracles, and while this might be an exaggeration I do believe it is true that money opens the doors for progress. Without money, people cannot afford to buy things, which in turn halts the economy. Also, without being able to collect taxes on these unsold goods, the government has no money to install programs to help those who need financial support in the first place. Thus it could be argued that this economic instability is one of the main factors with other national problems in Peru. In fact, one of the funniest things I saw from the website about Peru was this picture, with the caption “Lima is Peru's center of government, commerce, and higher learning--all three of which frequently involve waiting for half an hour without knowing why.”
As we talked about in class, however, the assumption that the government heavily depends on taxes to fund itself does not apply to the millions of Peruvians who hold informal jobs. I have not once ridden a micro without being solicited for money by street vendors, or walked more than three blocks without running into a concession stand. As we also previously discussed, there is a commonly-held belief here that the government should have little regulation in the economy; Peruvians value creativity and think that, unregulated by a higher power, this allows for a “self-made man.” And you can see this creativity all around. People will legitimately try to sell you absolutely anything; I’ve seen vendors selling hangers, baby formula, and whatever else they can get their hands on.
I think, though, that this belief that the government should have little say in the ways of things goes much deeper than the economy. With all of the corruption and violence the country has faced throughout the centuries, especially under Fujimori’s reign, I think it’s hard for anyone to trust your government when it comes to anything. Even in the United States, arguably the most powerful and stable country in the world, there are many who believe their government is committing clandestine acts that are corrupt, and there is little trust in the government as a whole. I honestly believe that if Peruvians weren’t forced to vote by law, I seriously doubt many of them would vote at all. As Uncyclopedia satirically puts it, “Peruvian presidents have not just manipulated the constitution, they have asked it out, slipped it a roofie, and raped it.”
The website for these references can be found here: http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Peru
Cuando primero estaba investigando lugares para estudiar como una extranjera, la primera cosa que he leído acerca de Perú fue la calidad de su comida. De hecho, en mi guía de viajes Lonely Planet a Perú, una de las primeras cosas que menciona es cómo Perú "es un país dedicado al arte de mantener el paladar humano entretenido". En primer lugar, esto no me parece ser algo realmente importante; recursos de muchas veces como estos tienden a glorificar los aspectos gastronómicos de ciertos países para hacer que el país parece como un lugar de uno que desea visitar. Sin embargo, una vez que vine a Perú, sin duda, pensé que la comida estaba de hecho asombrosa; cada vez que yo fui a cenar o abrí mi lonchera en la escuela, mi paladar estaba “entretenido." Sin embargo, habiendo vivido aquí durante más de dos meses, he llegado a la conclusión de que esta tendencia culinaria es algo más que una característica: existe un significado cultural a la superioridad gastronómica del Perú.
Una de las primeras impresiones que yo hacía sobre peruanos fue que ellos fueron una gente que parecía estar muy orgullosa de sus alimentos. Este es un país donde las personas toman almuerzos de mínimo dos horas, donde las familias realmente comen juntos, donde conservantes son blasfemia. Si desea que jugo, obtendrá realmente jugo: directamente desde la naranja por sí mismo. Si usted está en el estado de ánimo para algún pollo, prácticamente puede escoger la carne que quiere… de una vez cuando está viva. Cada vez que un local descubrió que era un extranjero (no demasiado difícil con mi estatura física en comparación con un peruano…), lo primero que me preguntan era si yo he gustado la comida aquí. No sólo que, si usted toma un paseo alrededor de Lima de hoy en día, probablemente por lo menos dos terceras partes de las pequeñas empresas encontrará tendrá algo con la comida: restaurantes, tiendas de conveniencia, venta de mercaderías, casetas con frutas y vegetales, o los mercados de alimentos, mostrando los más frescos producen desde todo el país. Esto no puede parecer demasiado extraño si tenemos en cuenta que la mayoría de las ciudades tienen una amplia gama de alimentos para elegir; qué es diferente sobre el Perú es el valor que colocar en él, y a causa de esto, la sorprendente cantidad de cuestiones se convierte en una parte de.
Perú es considerado como una nación de razas mixtas, pero esto no significa que todas las culturas son aceptadas inmediatamente a la vida cotidiana peruana. Durante el período de la inmigración China, por ejemplo, el racismo es rampante en todo el país y especialmente en las principales ciudades como Lima. Al igual que con "normal" de los casos de racismo, los ciudadanos no quieren la cultura China "contaminar" la "auténtica" cultura peruana; ellos tenían miedo de que la gran cantidad de inmigrantes chinos iban a cambiar lo que significaba ser un peruano. Sin embargo, lo que es diferente sobre el caso peruano es el hecho de que una de las principales preocupaciones durante este período de tiempo era culinaria. Peruanos fueron aterrorizados que la dispersión de comida china, especialmente en zonas interactivas de población como Lima, en consecuencia, provocaría el cambio de la psique nacional. Este miedo no estaba saciado cuando un grupo de migrantes chinos abrieron el supermercado Wongs en 1942 en el distrito de San Isidro, demostrando así que estos inmigrantes estaban serios cuando llegó a proporcionar comida a la ciudad. Pues, los peruanos consideran comida a ser sinónimo de identidad, un concepto que no se ha perdido hasta hoy. Y con el racismo contra los chinos… pues, no hay "comida china" en Lima. En su lugar hay "chifa", una mezcla de estilos peruanos y chinos. Yo espero que esta fusión cultural pueda continuar en este país en los años venideros.
¡Y mientras que es decir sucediendo, todavía voy a sentarse, mirar sobre el océano y disfrutar de mi ceviche y el pisco sours!
When I was first researching places to study abroad, the first thing I read about Peru was the quality of its food.
Indeed, in my Lonely Planet travel guide to Peru, one of the first things it mentions is how Peru “is a country devoted to the art of keeping the human palate entertained.”
At first, I didn’t really consider this to be anything really significant; many times resources like these tend to glorify the gastronomical aspects of certain countries in order to make the country seem like a place one would want to visit.
However, once I came to Peru, I certainly thought that the food was indeed amazing; every time I went out to dinner or opened my lonchera at school, I couldn’t help but have my “palate entertained.”
Yet having lived here for more than two months, I have come to the conclusion that this culinary trend is something more than a characteristic: there is a cultural significance to Peru’s gastronomical superiority.
One of the first impressions I made about Peruvians were that they are a people that seem to be very proud of their food.
This is a country where people take minimum two hour lunches, where families actually eat together, where preservatives are blasphemy.
If you want juice, you actually get juice: straight from the orange itself.
If you’re in the mood for some chicken, you can practically pick the one you want… when it’s alive.
Whenever a local found out that I was a foreigner (not too difficult considering my physical stature compared to an average Peruvian…), the first thing they ask me was if I liked the food here.
Not only that, if you take a stroll around Lima today, probably at least two-thirds of the small businesses you will find will have something to do with food: restaurants, convenience stores selling sundries, fruit and vegetable stands, or food markets displaying the freshest produce from around the country.
This may not seem too strange if you consider that most cities have a wide range of food to choose from; what sets Peru apart is the value they place on it, and because of this, the surprising amount of issues it becomes a part of.
Peru is widely considered to be a nation of mixed races, but that does not mean all cultures are immediately accepted into the Peruvian mainstream.
During the period of Chinese immigration, for example, racism was rampant throughout the country and especially in the main cities like Lima.
As with “normal” cases of racism, citizens didn’t want the Chinese culture to “contaminate” the “authentic” Peruvian one; they were afraid the sheer number of Chinese immigrants would change what it meant to be a Peruvian.
However, what is different about the Peruvian case is the fact that one of the main concerns during this time period was culinary.
Peruvians were terrified that the dispersing of Chinese food, especially in population hotspots like Lima, would consequently lead to the changing of the national psyche.
This fear was not sated when a group of Chinese migrants opened the supermarket Wongs in 1942 in the district of San Isidro, thus proving that these immigrants meant business when it came to providing food to the city.
Thus, Peruvians considered food to be synonymous with identity, a concept that has not been lost to this day.
And as for the racism against the Chinese, well… let’s just say there is no “Chinese food” in Lima.
In its place there is “chifa”, a mixture of both Peruvian and Chinese styles.
Hopefully this cultural blending can continue in this country for years to come.
And while that is going on, I’m still going to sit back, look out over the ocean and enjoy my ceviche and pisco sours!
When I was first researching places to study abroad, the first thing I read about Peru was the quality of its food. Indeed, in my Lonely Planet travel guide to Peru, one of the first things it mentions is how Peru “is a country devoted to the art of keeping the human palate entertained.” At first, I didn’t really consider this to be anything really significant; many times resources like these tend to glorify the gastronomical aspects of certain countries in order to make the country seem like a place one would want to visit. However, once I came to Peru, I certainly thought that the food was indeed amazing; every time I went out to dinner or opened my lonchera at school, I couldn’t help but have my “palate entertained.” Yet having lived here for more than two months, I have come to the conclusion that this culinary trend is something more than a characteristic: there is a cultural significance to Peru’s gastronomical superiority.
One of the first impressions I made about Peruvians were that they are a people that seem to be very proud of their food. This is a country where people take minimum two hour lunches, where families actually eat together, where preservatives are blasphemy. If you want juice, you actually get juice: straight from the orange itself. If you’re in the mood for some chicken, you can practically pick the one you want… when it’s alive. Whenever a local found out that I was a foreigner (not too difficult considering my physical stature compared to an average Peruvian…), the first thing they ask me was if I liked the food here. Not only that, if you take a stroll around Lima today, probably at least two-thirds of the small businesses you will find will have something to do with food: restaurants, convenience stores selling sundries, fruit and vegetable stands, or food markets displaying the freshest produce from around the country. This may not seem too strange if you consider that most cities have a wide range of food to choose from; what sets Peru apart is the value they place on it, and because of this, the surprising amount of issues it becomes a part of.
Peru is widely considered to be a nation of mixed races, but that does not mean all cultures are immediately accepted into the Peruvian mainstream. During the period of Chinese immigration, for example, racism was rampant throughout the country and especially in the main cities like Lima. As with “normal” cases of racism, citizens didn’t want the Chinese culture to “contaminate” the “authentic” Peruvian one; they were afraid the sheer number of Chinese immigrants would change what it meant to be a Peruvian. However, what is different about the Peruvian case is the fact that one of the main concerns during this time period was culinary. Peruvians were terrified that the dispersing of Chinese food, especially in population hotspots like Lima, would consequently lead to the changing of the national psyche. This fear was not sated when a group of Chinese migrants opened the supermarket Wongs in 1942 in the district of San Isidro, thus proving that these immigrants meant business when it came to providing food to the city. Thus, Peruvians considered food to be synonymous with identity, a concept that has not been lost to this day. And as for the racism against the Chinese, well… let’s just say there is no “Chinese food” in Lima. In its place there is “chifa”, a mixture of both Peruvian and Chinese styles. Hopefully this cultural blending can continue in this country for years to come.
And while that is going on, I’m still going to sit back, look out over the ocean and enjoy my ceviche and pisco sours!